Finite Math Examples

$[\begin{array}{c} 1 & 3 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{array}]$

Step 1

Choose the row or column with the most $0$ elements. If there are no $0$ elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in row $1$ by its cofactor and add.

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Step 1.1

Consider the corresponding sign chart.

$| \begin{array}{c} + & - & + \\ - & + & - \\ + & - & + \end{array} |$

Step 1.2

The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a $-$ position on the sign chart.

Step 1.3

The minor for $a_{11}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 4 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.4

Multiply element $a_{11}$ by its cofactor.

$1 | \begin{array}{c} 4 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.5

The minor for $a_{12}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $2$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.6

Multiply element $a_{12}$ by its cofactor.

$- 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.7

The minor for $a_{13}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $3$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.8

Multiply element $a_{13}$ by its cofactor.

$1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 1.9

Add the terms together.

$1 | \begin{array}{c} 4 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | - 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 2

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} 4 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Step 2.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$1 (4 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 2) - 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 2.2

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 2.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1.1

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$1 (4 - 1 \cdot 2) - 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$1 (4 - 2) - 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 2.2.2

Subtract $2$ from $4$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 3

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Step 3.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 (3 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 2) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 3.2

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 3.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.2.1.1

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 (3 - 1 \cdot 2) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 (3 - 2) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 3.2.2

Subtract $2$ from $3$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Step 4

Evaluate $| \begin{array}{c} 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Step 4.1

The determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix can be found using the formula $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 (3 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 4)$

Step 4.2

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 4.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.2.1.1

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 (3 - 1 \cdot 4)$

Step 4.2.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 (3 - 4)$

Step 4.2.2

Subtract $4$ from $3$ .

$1 \cdot 2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 \cdot - 1$

Step 5

Simplify the determinant.

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Step 5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2 - 3 \cdot 1 + 1 \cdot - 1$

Step 5.1.2

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$2 - 3 + 1 \cdot - 1$

Step 5.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$2 - 3 - 1$

Step 5.2

Subtract $3$ from $2$ .

$- 1 - 1$

Step 5.3

Subtract $1$ from $- 1$ .

$- 2$

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