Examples

x^{3} - 11 x + 8

$x^{3} - 11 x + 8$ ,

x - 3

$x - 3$

Step 1

Divide the higher order polynomial by the other polynomial in order to find the remainder.

\frac{x^{3} - 11 x + 8}{x - 3}

$\frac{x^{3} - 11 x + 8}{x - 3}$

Step 2

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of

0

$0$ .

x

$x$

3

$3$

x^{3}

$x^{3}$

0 x^{2}

$0 x^{2}$

11 x

$11 x$

8

$8$

Step 3

Divide the highest order term in the dividend

x^{3}

$x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor

x

$x$ .

					$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$
	$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$

Step 4

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			+	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$

Step 5

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in

x^{3} - 3 x^{2}

$x^{3} - 3 x^{2}$

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$

Step 6

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$

Step 7

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$

Step 8

Divide the highest order term in the dividend

3 x^{2}

$3 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor

x

$x$ .

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$

Step 9

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$9 x$ $9 x$

Step 10

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in

3 x^{2} - 9 x

$3 x^{2} - 9 x$

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$

Step 11

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$

Step 12

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$8$ $8$

Step 13

Divide the highest order term in the dividend

- 2 x

$- 2 x$ by the highest order term in divisor

x

$x$ .

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$	-	$2$ $2$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$8$ $8$

Step 14

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$	-	$2$ $2$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$8$ $8$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$6$ $6$

Step 15

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in

- 2 x + 6

$- 2 x + 6$

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$	-	$2$ $2$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$8$ $8$
							+	$2 x$ $2 x$	-	$6$ $6$

Step 16

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$x^{2}$ $x^{2}$	+	$3 x$ $3 x$	-	$2$ $2$
$x$ $x$	-	$3$ $3$		$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$0 x^{2}$ $0 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$	+	$8$ $8$
			-	$x^{3}$ $x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$
					+	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	-	$11 x$ $11 x$
					-	$3 x^{2}$ $3 x^{2}$	+	$9 x$ $9 x$
							-	$2 x$ $2 x$	+	$8$ $8$
							+	$2 x$ $2 x$	-	$6$ $6$
									+	$2$ $2$

Step 17

The final answer is the quotient plus the remainder over the divisor.

x^{2} + 3 x - 2 + \frac{2}{x - 3}

$x^{2} + 3 x - 2 + \frac{2}{x - 3}$

Step 18

The remainder is the part of the answer that is left after the division by

x - 3

$x - 3$ is complete.

2

$2$

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