Calculus Examples

f (x) = x^{2} + 3 x + 4

$f (x) = x^{2} + 3 x + 4$ ,

g (x) = x - 1

$g (x) = x - 1$ ,

(f \circ g)

$(f \circ g)$

Step 1

Set up the composite result function.

f (g (x))

$f (g (x))$

Step 2

Evaluate

f (x - 1)

$f (x - 1)$ by substituting in the value of

g

$g$ into

f

$f$ .

f (x - 1) = {(x - 1)}^{2} + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = {(x - 1)}^{2} + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.1

Rewrite

{(x - 1)}^{2}

${(x - 1)}^{2}$ as

(x - 1) (x - 1)

$(x - 1) (x - 1)$ .

f (x - 1) = (x - 1) (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = (x - 1) (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.2

Expand

(x - 1) (x - 1)

$(x - 1) (x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 3.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

f (x - 1) = x (x - 1) - 1 (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x (x - 1) - 1 (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 3.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 3.3.1.1

Multiply

x

$x$ by

x

$x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3.1.2

Move

- 1

$- 1$ to the left of

x

$x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 1 \cdot x - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 1 \cdot x - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3.1.3

Rewrite

- 1 x

$- 1 x$ as

- x

$- x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - 1 x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3.1.4

Rewrite

- 1 x

$- 1 x$ as

- x

$- x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x - 1 \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3.1.5

Multiply

- 1

$- 1$ by

- 1

$- 1$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - x - x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.3.2

Subtract

x

$x$ from

- x

$- x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 4$

Step 3.4

Apply the distributive property.

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 4$

Step 3.5

Multiply

3

$3$ by

- 1

$- 1$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x - 3 + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x - 3 + 4$

f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x - 3 + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} - 2 x + 1 + 3 x - 3 + 4$

Step 4

Simplify by adding terms.

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Step 4.1

Add

- 2 x

$- 2 x$ and

3 x

$3 x$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 1 - 3 + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 1 - 3 + 4$

Step 4.2

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

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Step 4.2.1

Subtract

3

$3$ from

1

$1$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x - 2 + 4

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x - 2 + 4$

Step 4.2.2

Add

- 2

$- 2$ and

4

$4$ .

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2$

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2$

f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2

$f (x - 1) = x^{2} + x + 2$

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