Cálculo Ejemplos

$\int \sin^{2} (π x) \cos^{5} (π x) d x$

Paso 1

Sea $u_{1} = π x$ . Entonces $d u_{1} = π d x$ , de modo que $\frac{1}{π} d u_{1} = d x$ . Reescribe mediante $u_{1}$ y $d$ $u_{1}$ .

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Paso 1.1

Deja $u_{1} = π x$ . Obtén $\frac{d u_{1}}{d x}$ .

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Paso 1.1.1

Diferencia $π x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [π x]$

Paso 1.1.2

Como $π$ es constante con respecto a $x$ , la derivada de $π x$ con respecto a $x$ es $π \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$π \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Paso 1.1.3

Diferencia con la regla de la potencia, que establece que $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ es $n x^{n - 1}$ donde $n = 1$ .

$π \cdot 1$

Paso 1.1.4

Multiplica $π$ por $1$ .

$π$

$π$

Paso 1.2

Reescribe el problema mediante $u_{1}$ y $d u_{1}$ .

$\int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{5} (u_{1}) \frac{1}{π} d u_{1}$

$\int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{5} (u_{1}) \frac{1}{π} d u_{1}$

Paso 2

Simplifica.

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Paso 2.1

Combina $\frac{1}{π}$ y $\sin^{2} (u_{1})$ .

$\int \frac{\sin^{2} (u_{1})}{π} \cos^{5} (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

Paso 2.2

Combina $\frac{\sin^{2} (u_{1})}{π}$ y $\cos^{5} (u_{1})$ .

$\int \frac{\sin^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{5} (u_{1})}{π} d u_{1}$

$\int \frac{\sin^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{5} (u_{1})}{π} d u_{1}$

Paso 3

Dado que $\frac{1}{π}$ es constante con respecto a $u_{1}$ , mueve $\frac{1}{π}$ fuera de la integral.

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) \cos^{5} (u_{1}) d u_{1}$

Paso 4

Factoriza $\cos^{4} (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) (\cos^{4} (u_{1}) \cos (u_{1})) d u_{1}$

Paso 5

Simplifica con la obtención del factor común.

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Paso 5.1

Factoriza $2$ de $4$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) ({\cos (u_{1})}^{2 (2)} \cos (u_{1})) d u_{1}$

Paso 5.2

Reescribe ${\cos (u_{1})}^{2 (2)}$ como exponenciación.

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) ({(\cos^{2} (u_{1}))}^{2} \cos (u_{1})) d u_{1}$

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) ({(\cos^{2} (u_{1}))}^{2} \cos (u_{1})) d u_{1}$

Paso 6

Mediante la identidad pitagórica, reescribe $\cos^{2} (u_{1})$ como $1 - \sin^{2} (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int \sin^{2} (u_{1}) ({(1 - \sin^{2} (u_{1}))}^{2} \cos (u_{1})) d u_{1}$

Paso 7

Sea $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ . Entonces $d u_{2} = \cos (u_{1}) d u_{1}$ , de modo que $\frac{1}{\cos (u_{1})} d u_{2} = d u_{1}$ . Reescribe mediante $u_{2}$ y $d$ $u_{2}$ .

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Paso 7.1

Deja $u_{2} = \sin (u_{1})$ . Obtén $\frac{d u_{2}}{d u_{1}}$ .

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Paso 7.1.1

Diferencia $\sin (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\sin (u_{1})]$

Paso 7.1.2

La derivada de $\sin (u_{1})$ con respecto a $u_{1}$ es $\cos (u_{1})$ .

$\cos (u_{1})$

$\cos (u_{1})$

Paso 7.2

Reescribe el problema mediante $u_{2}$ y $d u_{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} {(1 - {u_{2}}^{2})}^{2} d u_{2}$

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} {(1 - {u_{2}}^{2})}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8

Expande ${u_{2}}^{2} {(1 - {u_{2}}^{2})}^{2}$ .

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Paso 8.1

Reescribe ${(1 - {u_{2}}^{2})}^{2}$ como $(1 - {u_{2}}^{2}) (1 - {u_{2}}^{2})$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} ((1 - {u_{2}}^{2}) (1 - {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.2

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 (1 - {u_{2}}^{2}) - {u_{2}}^{2} (1 - {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.3

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- {u_{2}}^{2}) - {u_{2}}^{2} (1 - {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.4

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- {u_{2}}^{2}) - {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1 - {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.5

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- {u_{2}}^{2})) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1 - {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.6

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (1 (- {u_{2}}^{2})) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1 - {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.7

Aplica la propiedad distributiva.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (1 (- {u_{2}}^{2})) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.8

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (1 (- {u_{2}}^{2})) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.9

Mueve los paréntesis.

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (1 \cdot - 1) {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.10

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} \cdot 1) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.11

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2}) + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.12

Mueve los paréntesis.

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- 1 \cdot 1) {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.13

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2} (- {u_{2}}^{2})) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.14

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2}) d u_{2}$

Paso 8.15

Mueve los paréntesis.

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2}) {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.16

Mueve los paréntesis.

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{2} (- 1 \cdot - 1) {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.17

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.18

Multiplica $1$ por $1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int 1 {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.19

Multiplica ${u_{2}}^{2}$ por $1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} + 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.20

Multiplica $- 1$ por $1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.21

Factoriza el negativo.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - ({u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2}) - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.22

Usa la regla de la potencia $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ para combinar exponentes.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{2 + 2} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.23

Suma $2$ y $2$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - 1 \cdot 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.24

Multiplica $- 1$ por $1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.25

Factoriza el negativo.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - ({u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2}) - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.26

Usa la regla de la potencia $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ para combinar exponentes.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{2 + 2} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.27

Suma $2$ y $2$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} - 1 \cdot - 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.28

Multiplica $- 1$ por $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + 1 {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.29

Multiplica ${u_{2}}^{2}$ por $1$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.30

Usa la regla de la potencia $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ para combinar exponentes.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{2 + 2} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.31

Suma $2$ y $2$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{4} {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.32

Usa la regla de la potencia $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ para combinar exponentes.

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{4 + 2} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.33

Suma $4$ y $2$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - {u_{2}}^{4} - {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{6} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.34

Resta ${u_{2}}^{4}$ de $- {u_{2}}^{4}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{6} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.35

Reordena $- 2 {u_{2}}^{4}$ y ${u_{2}}^{6}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{2} + {u_{2}}^{6} - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} d u_{2}$

Paso 8.36

Mueve ${u_{2}}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{6} - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

$\frac{1}{π} \int {u_{2}}^{6} - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} + {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2}$

Paso 9

Divide la única integral en varias integrales.

$\frac{1}{π} (\int {u_{2}}^{6} d u_{2} + \int - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} d u_{2} + \int {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2})$

Paso 10

Según la regla de la potencia, la integral de ${u_{2}}^{6}$ con respecto a $u_{2}$ es $\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7} + C + \int - 2 {u_{2}}^{4} d u_{2} + \int {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2})$

Paso 11

Dado que $- 2$ es constante con respecto a $u_{2}$ , mueve $- 2$ fuera de la integral.

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7} + C - 2 \int {u_{2}}^{4} d u_{2} + \int {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2})$

Paso 12

Según la regla de la potencia, la integral de ${u_{2}}^{4}$ con respecto a $u_{2}$ es $\frac{1}{5} {u_{2}}^{5}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7} + C - 2 (\frac{1}{5} {u_{2}}^{5} + C) + \int {u_{2}}^{2} d u_{2})$

Paso 13

Según la regla de la potencia, la integral de ${u_{2}}^{2}$ con respecto a $u_{2}$ es $\frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7} + C - 2 (\frac{1}{5} {u_{2}}^{5} + C) + \frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3} + C)$

Paso 14

Simplifica.

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Paso 14.1

Simplifica.

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Paso 14.1.1

Combina $\frac{1}{5}$ y ${u_{2}}^{5}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} {u_{2}}^{7} + C - 2 (\frac{{u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + C) + \frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3} + C)$

Paso 14.1.2

Combina $\frac{1}{7}$ y ${u_{2}}^{7}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{7}}{7} + C - 2 (\frac{{u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + C) + \frac{1}{3} {u_{2}}^{3} + C)$

Paso 14.1.3

Combina $\frac{1}{3}$ y ${u_{2}}^{3}$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{7}}{7} + C - 2 (\frac{{u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + C) + \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C)$

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{7}}{7} + C - 2 (\frac{{u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + C) + \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3} + C)$

Paso 14.2

Simplifica.

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{7}}{7} - \frac{2 {u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}) + C$

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{{u_{2}}^{7}}{7} - \frac{2 {u_{2}}^{5}}{5} + \frac{{u_{2}}^{3}}{3}) + C$

Paso 15

Vuelve a sustituir para cada variable de sustitución de la integración.

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Paso 15.1

Reemplaza todos los casos de $u_{2}$ con $\sin (u_{1})$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{\sin^{7} (u_{1})}{7} - \frac{2 \sin^{5} (u_{1})}{5} + \frac{\sin^{3} (u_{1})}{3}) + C$

Paso 15.2

Reemplaza todos los casos de $u_{1}$ con $π x$ .

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{\sin^{7} (π x)}{7} - \frac{2 \sin^{5} (π x)}{5} + \frac{\sin^{3} (π x)}{3}) + C$

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{\sin^{7} (π x)}{7} - \frac{2 \sin^{5} (π x)}{5} + \frac{\sin^{3} (π x)}{3}) + C$

Paso 16

Reordena los términos.

$\frac{1}{π} (\frac{1}{7} \sin^{7} (π x) - \frac{2}{5} \sin^{5} (π x) + \frac{1}{3} \sin^{3} (π x)) + C$

$[\begin{array}{c} x^{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \sqrt{π} & \int x d x \end{array}]$