Beispiele

$[\begin{array}{c} 0 & 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array}]$

Schritt 1

Choose the row or column with the most $0$ elements. If there are no $0$ elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in column $1$ by its cofactor and add.

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Schritt 1.1

Consider the corresponding sign chart.

$| \begin{array}{c} + & - & + & - \\ - & + & - & + \\ + & - & + & - \\ - & + & - & + \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.2

The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a $-$ position on the sign chart.

Schritt 1.3

The minor for $a_{11}$ is the determinant with row $1$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.4

Multiply element $a_{11}$ by its cofactor.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.5

The minor for $a_{21}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.6

Multiply element $a_{21}$ by its cofactor.

$- 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.7

The minor for $a_{31}$ is the determinant with row $3$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.8

Multiply element $a_{31}$ by its cofactor.

$1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.9

The minor for $a_{41}$ is the determinant with row $4$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.10

Multiply element $a_{41}$ by its cofactor.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array} |$

Schritt 1.11

Add the terms together.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | - 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array} |$

Schritt 2

Mutltipliziere $0$ mit $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

$0 - 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array} |$

Schritt 3

Mutltipliziere $0$ mit $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \end{array} |$ .

$0 - 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4

Berechne $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Schritt 4.1

Choose the row or column with the most $0$ elements. If there are no $0$ elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in row $2$ by its cofactor and add.

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Schritt 4.1.1

Consider the corresponding sign chart.

$| \begin{array}{c} + & - & + \\ - & + & - \\ + & - & + \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.2

The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a $-$ position on the sign chart.

Schritt 4.1.3

The minor for $a_{21}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.4

Multiply element $a_{21}$ by its cofactor.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.5

The minor for $a_{22}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $2$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.6

Multiply element $a_{22}$ by its cofactor.

$1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.7

The minor for $a_{23}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $3$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.8

Multiply element $a_{23}$ by its cofactor.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 4.1.9

Add the terms together.

$0 - 1 (0 | \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.2

Mutltipliziere $0$ mit $| \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.3

Mutltipliziere $0$ mit $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} | + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.4

Berechne $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Schritt 4.4.1

Die Determinante einer $2 \times 2$ -Matrix kann mithilfe der Formel $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ bestimmt werden.

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 (1 \cdot 1 - 2 \cdot 1) + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.4.2

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 4.4.2.1

Vereinfache jeden Term.

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Schritt 4.4.2.1.1

Mutltipliziere $1$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 (1 - 2 \cdot 1) + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.4.2.1.2

Mutltipliziere $- 2$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 (1 - 2) + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.4.2.2

Subtrahiere $2$ von $1$ .

$0 - 1 (0 + 1 \cdot - 1 + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.5

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 4.5.1

Mutltipliziere $- 1$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 (0 - 1 + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.5.2

Subtrahiere $1$ von $0$ .

$0 - 1 (- 1 + 0) + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 4.5.3

Addiere $- 1$ und $0$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0$

Schritt 5

Berechne $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Schritt 5.1

Choose the row or column with the most $0$ elements. If there are no $0$ elements choose any row or column. Multiply every element in row $2$ by its cofactor and add.

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Schritt 5.1.1

Consider the corresponding sign chart.

$| \begin{array}{c} + & - & + \\ - & + & - \\ + & - & + \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.2

The cofactor is the minor with the sign changed if the indices match a $-$ position on the sign chart.

Schritt 5.1.3

The minor for $a_{21}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $1$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.4

Multiply element $a_{21}$ by its cofactor.

$- 1 | \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.5

The minor for $a_{22}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $2$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.6

Multiply element $a_{22}$ by its cofactor.

$0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.7

The minor for $a_{23}$ is the determinant with row $2$ and column $3$ deleted.

$| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.8

Multiply element $a_{23}$ by its cofactor.

$- 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$

Schritt 5.1.9

Add the terms together.

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 | \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} | - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.2

Mutltipliziere $0$ mit $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 | \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} | + 0 - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.3

Berechne $| \begin{array}{c} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Schritt 5.3.1

Die Determinante einer $2 \times 2$ -Matrix kann mithilfe der Formel $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ bestimmt werden.

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 (2 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 1) + 0 - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.3.2

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 5.3.2.1

Vereinfache jeden Term.

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Schritt 5.3.2.1.1

Mutltipliziere $2$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 (2 - 1 \cdot 1) + 0 - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.3.2.1.2

Mutltipliziere $- 1$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 (2 - 1) + 0 - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.3.2.2

Subtrahiere $1$ von $2$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 \cdot 1 + 0 - 2 | \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |) + 0$

Schritt 5.4

Berechne $| \begin{array}{c} 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{array} |$ .

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Schritt 5.4.1

Die Determinante einer $2 \times 2$ -Matrix kann mithilfe der Formel $| \begin{array}{c} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} | = a d - c b$ bestimmt werden.

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 \cdot 1 + 0 - 2 (1 \cdot 1 - 2 \cdot 2)) + 0$

Schritt 5.4.2

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 5.4.2.1

Vereinfache jeden Term.

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Schritt 5.4.2.1.1

Mutltipliziere $1$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 \cdot 1 + 0 - 2 (1 - 2 \cdot 2)) + 0$

Schritt 5.4.2.1.2

Mutltipliziere $- 2$ mit $2$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 \cdot 1 + 0 - 2 (1 - 4)) + 0$

Schritt 5.4.2.2

Subtrahiere $4$ von $1$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 \cdot 1 + 0 - 2 \cdot - 3) + 0$

Schritt 5.5

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 5.5.1

Vereinfache jeden Term.

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Schritt 5.5.1.1

Mutltipliziere $- 1$ mit $1$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 + 0 - 2 \cdot - 3) + 0$

Schritt 5.5.1.2

Mutltipliziere $- 2$ mit $- 3$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 + 0 + 6) + 0$

Schritt 5.5.2

Addiere $- 1$ und $0$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 (- 1 + 6) + 0$

Schritt 5.5.3

Addiere $- 1$ und $6$ .

$0 - 1 \cdot - 1 + 1 \cdot 5 + 0$

Schritt 6

Vereinfache die Determinante.

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Schritt 6.1

Vereinfache jeden Term.

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Schritt 6.1.1

Mutltipliziere $- 1$ mit $- 1$ .

$0 + 1 + 1 \cdot 5 + 0$

Schritt 6.1.2

Mutltipliziere $5$ mit $1$ .

$0 + 1 + 5 + 0$

Schritt 6.2

Addiere $0$ und $1$ .

$1 + 5 + 0$

Schritt 6.3

Addiere $1$ und $5$ .

$6 + 0$

Schritt 6.4

Addiere $6$ und $0$ .

$6$

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