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abscissa: The first element element A member of a set. See also chemical element. in a coordinatecoordinate A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the second number is the ordinate. pair. When graphed in the coordinatecoordinate A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the second number is the ordinate. planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. , it is the distancedistance Length, as between two points. from the y-axisy-axis The vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. . Frequently called the x coordinatecoordinate A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the second number is the ordinate. .
absolute value: The distancedistance Length, as between two points. of a number from zerozero The additive identity; the number that, when added to another number n , gives n . ; the positive value of a number.
acid: Traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solutionsolution 1. The value of a variable that makes an equation true. 2. In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. with a hydrogen ionion An atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. activity greater than in pure water (i.e. a pH less than 7.0 ).
acute angle: A positive angleangle The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. measuring less than 90 degreesdegree A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/360 of a full circle. .
acute triangle: A triangletriangle A three-sided polygon. with all anglesangle The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. measuring less than 90 degreesdegree A unit of measure for angles equal to 1/360 of a full circle. .
addend: A number which is involved in additionaddition Calculating a sum by adding two or more numbers. . Numbers being added are considered to be the addendsaddend A number which is involved in addition. Numbers being added are considered to be the addends. .
addition: Calculating a sumsum The result of adding numbers. by adding two or more numbers.
additive inverse: The additive inverseinverse Opposite. -5 is the additive inverse of 5, because their sum is zero.  is the multiplicative inverse of 3 , because their product is 1 . of any number x is the number that gives zerozero The additive identity; the number that, when added to another number n , gives n . when added to x. Example: the additive inverseinverse Opposite. -5 is the additive inverse of 5, because their sum is zero. is the multiplicative inverse of 3 , because their product is 1 . of 5 is -5.
adjacent angles: Two anglesangle The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. that share both a side and a vertexvertex The point on an angle where the two sides intersect. .
algebra: A branch of mathematics in which variablesvariable A letter used to represent a number value in an expression or an equation. are substituted for unknown values to solve a particular problem.
algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for carrying out computation.
alternate angles: Two anglesangle The union of two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. that are in opposite locations when linesline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. are cut by a transversaltransversal A line that intersects two other lines. .
altitude: Lengthlength Measure of distance; a dimension of a solid or rectangle. from the uppermost pointpoint A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions. of a triangletriangle A three-sided polygon. to the lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. opposite.
angle: The unionunion A set containing each of the elements of the two sets which were united. of two raysray Part of a line, containing one endpoint and extending to infinity in one direction. with a common endpointendpoint On a ray, segment, arc, or vector, a point at which the curve begins or ends; a point which touches only one other point on the curve. , called the vertexvertex The point on an angle where the two sides intersect. .
anion: An ionion An atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. with more electronselectron A subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. than protonsproton A subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. , giving it a netnet A plane figure obtained by opening and flattening a 3-D object. negative charge.
annulus: The portion of a planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. bounded by two concentricconcentric With reference to circles, having the same center. circlescircle The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point, called the center. in the planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. .
antiderivative: An antiderivativeantiderivative An antiderivative of a function f is a function F whose derivative is equal to f . Example: F'=f . of a functionfunction A set of ordered pairs where each first element is paired with one and only one second element and no element in either pair is without a partner. f is a functionfunction A set of ordered pairs where each first element is paired with one and only one second element and no element in either pair is without a partner. F whose derivativederivative A measurement of how a function changes when the values of its inputs change. is equal to f . Example: F'=f .
approximate: Estimateestimate An approximate calculation of a value. .
arc: A portion of the circumferencecircumference The distance around a circle. of a circlecircle The set of points in a plane that are a fixed distance from a given point, called the center. .
area: The number of squaresquare A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four  angles. unitsunit A standard quantity used in measurement. Example: an inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length, and a pound is a unit of weight. covering a shape or figurefigure Two dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures. .
arithmetic: Method of computing using additionaddition Calculating a sum by adding two or more numbers. , subtractionsubtraction The process of finding the difference between two numbers. , multiplicationmultiplication The process of repeating additions of the same number. , or divisiondivision The process of dividing two numbers. .
arithmetic sequence: A sequencesequence A set of numbers, called terms, arranged in some particular order. with the differencedifference The result of subtracting two numbers. between two consecutiveconsecutive Following, in succession, without interruption. termsterm Any expression written as a product or quotient. Example: 2xy ,  , or  constantconstant A fixed value that does not change. . The differencedifference The result of subtracting two numbers. is called the common differencedifference The result of subtracting two numbers. .
array: A setset A well-defined group of objects. of numbers that will follow a specific pattern. An orderly arrangement often in rows, columns or a matrixmatrix A rectangular array of numbers, algebraic symbols, or mathematical functions. .
associative property: When performing an operationoperation Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are the basic arithmetic operations. on three or more numbers, the result is unchanged by the way the numbers are grouped.
associative property of addition: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
associative property of multiplication: *cSMB01a*(b*c)SMB02cSMB03?p=145?p=22)
asymptote: On a graphgraph A visual representation of data. , a lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. which is approached by a curvecurve The graphic representation of an algebraic equation; a connected set of points. but never reached.
atom: A basic unitunit A standard quantity used in measurement. Example: an inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length, and a pound is a unit of weight. of mattermatter Traditionally refers to the substance that objects are made of. consisting of a dense, central nucleusnucleus The collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom, also composed of subatomic matter. surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electronselectron A subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. .
atomic mass: The massmass The amount of matter in a particle or object. of an atomatom A basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. , most often expressed in unified atomic massmass The amount of matter in a particle or object. unitsunit A standard quantity used in measurement. Example: an inch is a unit of length, a centimeter is a unit of length, and a pound is a unit of weight. .
atomic number: The number of protonsproton A subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. found in the nucleusnucleus The collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom, also composed of subatomic matter. of an atomatom A basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleusnucleus The collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom, also composed of subatomic matter. .
attribute: A characteristic to describe an object usually within a pattern. The attributeattribute A characteristic to describe an object usually within a pattern. The attribute usually refers to the shape, size, or color. usually refers to the shape, size, or color.
average: A number that represents the characteristics of a datadata Gathered information. setset A well-defined group of objects. , calculated by adding a group of numbers then dividing by the number of elementselement A member of a set. See also chemical element. in that group.
axiom: A basic assumption about a mathematical system from which theorems can be deduced. For example, the system could be the pointspoint A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions. and linesline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. in the planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. . Then an axiomaxiom A basic assumption about a mathematical system from which theorems can be deduced. For example, the system could be the points and lines in the plane. Then an axiom would be that given any two distinct points in the plane, there is a unique line through them. would be that given any two distinct pointspoint A location in a plane or in space, having no dimensions. in the planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. , there is a unique lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. through them.
axis: The horizontalhorizontal A line with zero slope. and verticalvertical Perpendicular to horizontal; up and down as opposed to left and right. linesline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. that form the quadrantsquadrant One of the quarters of the plane of the Cartesian coordinate system. of the coordinatecoordinate A number in an ordered pair that names the location of a point on the coordinate plane. The first number in the ordered pair is called the abscissa and the second number is the ordinate. planeplane A flat surface that stretches into infinity. . The horizontalhorizontal A line with zero slope. axisaxis The horizontal and vertical lines that form the quadrants of the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is usually called the x-axis, the vertical axis is usually called the y-axis. is usually called the x-axisx-axis The horizontal axis in a Cartesian coordinate plane. , the verticalvertical Perpendicular to horizontal; up and down as opposed to left and right. axisaxis The horizontal and vertical lines that form the quadrants of the coordinate plane. The horizontal axis is usually called the x-axis, the vertical axis is usually called the y-axis. is usually called the y-axisy-axis The vertical axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. .
axis of symmetry: A lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. that passes through a figurefigure Two dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures. in such a way that the part of the figurefigure Two dimensional shapes are often referred to as figures. on one side of the lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. is a mirror reflectionreflection A transformation resulting from a flip. of the part on the other side of the lineline A straight set of points that extends into infinity in both directions. .
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